Eurasian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery

Current concepts about factors contributing to the development of inflammatory diseases of the nasal cavity and arrange sinuses

U.N. Vokhidov — 2024-10-19

Overpopulation of the nasal mucosa with microflora contributes to the fact that some microorganisms can descend from the upper respiratory tract to the lower ones - places of persistence that are not typical for them. The formation of new microbial communities can change the habitat and the nature of the relationship between associates. Not quite the usual localization of these bacteria can lead to the development of an inflammatory process.

Comparative study of the microbial landscape in patients with recurrent inflammation of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses (using the example of bacterial and viral rhinosinusitis)

U.N. Vokhidov — 2024-10-19

In recent years, the etiological role of bacterial microflora in recurrent inflammatory diseases has been the subject of intense discussions. To understand the self-regulatory processes in the nasal mucosa, nasopharynx, and upper respiratory tract during the formation of microbiocenosis, it is necessary to know the nature of the relationship between populations of different types of microorganisms. Goal: provide a comparative microbiological characterization of the nasal mucosa and paranasal sinuses in patients with recurrent inflammation of various origins. The study included 52 patients of both genders aged 20 to 65 years with symptoms of inflammatory diseases of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. Of these, 28 patients (1st group) with bacterial and 24 patients (2nd group) with recurrent viral inflammatory diseases of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses (ARVI). A comparative analysis of the microbial landscape of the nasal mucosa and paranasal sinuses revealed the main representatives of the pathogenic flora, as well as associations of microorganisms. Monoculture predominates in the paranasal sinuses - 69.3% (34 people), and microbial associations make up 26.9% (14 people), lack of microflora - 5.7% (3 people). The presence of Proteus vulgaris strain - 4 cases (8.1%), E.coli - 8 cases (16.3%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa - 7 cases (14.2%) was particularly significant, the increase in the proportion of Candida yeast-like fungi in the microbial landscape of patients with VR attracts attention. Among yeast-like fungi, C. albicans was the most common in 33 (67.3%) and C. glabrata in 5 (10.2%) cases.

Optimization of treatment methods for chronic allergic rhinitis in workers producing glass-plastic structures

Z.Kh. Karaboeva — 2024-10-19

An open non-comparative clinical study of the effectiveness of the drug «DOLPHIN» mineral and vegetable remedy in the treatment of allergic rhinitis in people working in conditions of increased professional risk was carried out. 138 employees of a fur factory suffering from allergic rhinitis were examined. According to the results of the study, a decrease in patients' complaints from the side of the nasal cavity (itching in the nose, nasal congestion, discharge from the nose, sneezing) was detected by 72%, from the organ of vision (itching of the eyes, discharge from the eyes) – by 64% on the 30-th day of using the drug. Rhinoscopy data on day 30 show a decrease in symptoms of allergic rhinitis by 58%. The use of «DOLPHIN» mineral and vegetable remedy led to an improvement in these rhinocytograms by 62 %. Good tolerance (8.3 points out of 10.0 possible) and efficacy (7,8 points out of 10.0 possible) of the drug were revealed according to patient estimates.

Comparative aspects of surgical treatment of chronic tonsillitis

Kh.E. Karabaev — 2024-10-19

Purpose of the study: to identify, based on modern literature data regarding the comparative characteristics of various methods of tonsillectomy, which of the methods of tonsillectomy (classical method, laser, cold plasma, thermal welding, electrocoagulation) is the most comfortable and acceptable for both the surgeon and the patient, what are the disadvantages and the advantages of each of these methods. Materials and methods: modern literary sources (monographs, articles, publications, scientific research data), which reflect the results of using various methods of tonsillectomy and their comparative characteristics according to such criteria as the amount of perioperative blood loss, dissection time, intensity of postoperative pain. Results: Currently, there is a wide variety of different methods of tonsillectomy, most of which are based on various options for physical impact on tissue; each method has its own set of advantages and disadvantages, the choice of one or another tosillectomy method directly depends on many factors (the patient’s age, the presence of concomitant diseases), and the effectiveness of its assessment should be carried out according to certain criteria, both in relation to the surgeon and in relation to the patient . Despite the wide choice of methods, the tonsillectomy technique is still not perfect, even despite the long path of its development.

The incidence of chronic rhinosinusitis in children with congenital heart defects by referral to a medical institution

N.N. Tukhtasinov — 2024-10-19

Chronic rhinosinusitis is a common pathology among adults and children. Congenital heart defects account for a significant part of cardiovascular diseases in children. Due to the increasing prevalence of chronic diseases of the ENT organs among the child population and the lack of research on the incidence of chronic rhinosinusitis in children with congenital heart defects, it is urgent to study this problem. The aim of the study is to study the prevalence of various forms of chronic rhinosinusitis among children with congenital heart defects based on the analysis of primary documents of the cardiologist of the consultative polyclinic, the department of cardiac surgery and the otorhinolaryngological service, consisting of an outpatient office and the department of pediatric otorhinolaryngology of the Andijan regional Multidisciplinary Children's Medical Center for 2021-2023. The study included patients with CHD from various regions of the Andijan region suffering from CRS. A total of 116 CHD patients suffering from CRS aged 3-16 years were included in the study. According to the study, patients with CRS accounted for 5.2% of the total number of patients with CHD. HRV without polyps accounted for more than half of the cases in patients with CHD. In 32.7% of CHD patients, a polypous (primary) form of CRS was detected, the most common was the II degree of the polypous process. In 48.3% of patients, chronic inflammatory process of the nose and ONP was combined with other pathologies of the ENT organs. It should be noted that periodic medical examinations in cities and districts contribute to the early detection and timely treatment of CHD in various segments of the child population. Key words: children, congenital heart defects (CHD), chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS).

Speech audiometry through the prism of modern audiology

A.U. Kudaybergenova — 2024-10-19

This article is devoted to speech audiometry. Speech audiometry is one of the important methods for assessing the effectiveness of hearing aids or cochlear implantation. The article describes the history of the development of SA to this day and its use in the practice of an audiologist. Evaluation of the effectiveness of cochlear implantation includes audiometry in a free sound field, speech audiometry and questionnaires in accordance with the age of the child. To date, speech tests have been developed in different languages and are used in the practice of an audiologist, a teacher of the deaf.

Efficiency of rehabilitation of prelingual patients after cochlear implantation

Z.H. Karimova — 2024-10-25

According to WHO data for 2024, the number of people with CI has exceeded 700,000 people and this number is growing from year to year. The purpose of the study: to evaluate the effectiveness of rehabilitation of patients after cochlear implantation for 3 years. Material and methods of the study: we selected 100 prelingual patients of different age categories without concomitant neurological and other pathologies. The study showed that the effectiveness of rehabilitation of prelingual patients after cochlear implantation directly depends on the duration of wearing the speech processor and the child's environment, while the involvement of family members in the rehabilitation process is of no small importance, who should take an active part in communicating with the child after the operation.

Bilateral deafness in syndromic pathology of unknown genesis

Z.H. Karimova — 2024-10-25

Hereditary SNHL is caused by various genetic abnormalities and is passed on from generation to generation. It should also be noted that hereditary hearing loss can be syndromic and non-syndromic. Non-syndromic SNHL is a partial or complete hearing loss that occurs without other accompanying clinical signs. With syndromic hearing loss, in addition to hearing impairment or deafness, symptoms occur that affect other organs and systems.

Assessment of immune system status and immunological changes in acute suppurative otitis media

U.I. Nurov — 2024-09-30

Diagnosis and treatment of acute otitis media, which develops in children against the background of diabetes mellitus, is one of the urgent problems of otorhinolaryngology and is the focus of attention of all specialists. Despite the achievements of world science, the treatment and prevention of this pathology in children remains one of the unsolved problems of modern medicine.

Diabetes in children and its role in the development of acute otitis media in children

U.I. Nurov — 2024-09-30

When analyzing the inflammatory form of AOM developed against the background of diabetes and its manifestations, in most cases (62.3%) the catarrhal form of AOM was detected in children. At the same time, more than half of the catarrhal form of AOM was recorded in 37 (52.1%) children in the 2nd age group. According to the conducted studies, the period of acute otitis media before the perforation of the eardrum (up to 80%) was determined in children under control.

Bactericidal effect of fibrous sorbent on microflora at odontogenic osteomyelitis of maxillofacial region

Х.Y. Eshbadalov — 2024-09-30

The article deals with the study bactericidal effect of fibrous sorbent on series of microorganisms and also the mixed microflora of oral cavity at odontogenic osteomyelitis. The materials for study were strains of microbes (staphylococcus albus, staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus citreus, hemolytic staphylococcus and so on.) The fibrous sorbent was used as application in areas of gingival pockets. The results showed the absence of researched microbe resistance and microflora in oral cavity at odontogenic osteomyelitis to fibrous sorbent, which increased its bactericidal effect.

Determination of the efficiency assessment influence of application methods of treatment of acute odontogenic purulent-inflammatory diseases of the maxillofacial region

Kh.Yu. Eshbadalov — 2024-09-30

The aim of our work was to determine the assessment of the effectiveness of fibrous nitroxoline-containing sorbent in the complex treatment of patients with alveolitis, periostitis, abscesses, phlegmon and odontogenic osteomyelitis of the maxillofacial region. To achieve this goal, we examined 240 patients with various forms of acute purulent-inflammatory diseases of the maxillofacial region. Thus, the use of nitroxoline-containing fibrous supersorbicide in the complex treatment of patients with acute purulent-inflammatory diseases of the maxillofacial region had a pathogenetic effect on the course of the purulent-inflammatory process, which was manifested in a reduction in the duration of treatment and contributed to a decrease in the risk of severe complications in the form of mediastinitis, meningitis and sepsis.

Application of gentamicin-containing sorbent and oxygen therapy in complex treatment to prevent complicated course of furuncles and carbuncles of the face

N.Kh. Eshbadalov — 2024-09-30

The aim of our work was to study the effectiveness of fibrous polypropylene sorbent and oxygenation in the complex treatment of patients with furuncles and carbuncles of the maxillofacial region. We observed 58 patients with furuncles and carbuncles of the maxillofacial region admitted to hospital treatment on the 2nd-5th day of the disease, and patients with abscessing forms of furuncles were admitted on the 4th-5th day from the onset of the disease. Thus, the ability of oxygen therapy and the use of application gentamicin-containing sorbent has a bacteriostatic, bacteriocidal, anti-inflammatory effect, eliminate collateral edema, promote the concentration of the purulent process and thereby its rapid resolution, as well as accelerate the resorption of the infiltrate without residual effects should be considered as a prophylactic agent, with the help of which it is possible not only to prevent severe complications, but also more effectively treat purulent inflammatory processes of the facial skin. The method of application and oxygen therapy should be considered promising in dental practice, as it is painless, contactless, atraumatic and prevents complications.

Omparative description of frequencies of determination of alleles and genotypes of gene polymorphisms in patients with acute sensoneural hearing loss

U.S. Khasanov — 2024-09-30

Our data confirm the complexity of the genetic mechanism of the development of ASNHL in patients with acute sensorineural hearing loss of vascular genesis and demonstrate the need and importance of understanding the complex interaction of genes in analyzing the development and clinical stage of the pathology under study. By analyzing the distribution of genotypic variants of this polymorphism, we determined that the C-634G rs2010963 polymorphism in the VEGF-A gene is associated with the development of ASNHL of the G/G monogenotype. In group 1 of patients with vascular ASNHL, a tendency for an increase in the frequency of the minor genotype of the C-634G rs2010963 polymorphism in the VEGF-A gene (χ2=4.6; P=0.30; RR=2.15; OR=1.1; 95%CI: 2.174-6.69) was observed in comparison with the control group. In this case, the indicators of patients in group 1 were separated and compared with the control group, and the OR and RR indicators increased, and the level of reliability in the G/G genotypes increased significantly (χ2 =0.39; P=0.29; RR=2.35; OR=2.4; 95% CI: 37.929- 36.50).

Influences of IL-1 and VEGF-A cytokines in acute sensoneural hearing loss

U.S. Khasanov — 2024-09-30

The study of cytokine regulation is of great importance in predicting the development of irreversible changes in the auditory analyzer as a result of OSNEZ and in assessing the effectiveness of the therapeutic interventions. The level of VEGF-A in the blood of practically healthy people was 0.89 (0.6; 2.7) ng/ml, with a minimum value of 0.30 ng/ml and a maximum of 32.8 ng/ml. During our study, it was observed that the level of the studied indicator in patients with OSNEZ was almost 100 times higher than in healthy people. In group 1 of patients with OSNEZ who received complex therapy and GBO, the VEGF-A level during hospitalization was 310.1 (127.4; 320.5) ng/ml, with a minimum and maximum value of 120.5 and 335.8 ng/ml, respectively. In group 2 of patients with OSNEZ who received complex therapy and intratympanic steroid therapy, the VEGF-A level was 193.2 (152.2; 169.4) ng/ml, with individual variations from 50.8 to 188.2 ng/ml.