Eurasian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery

Endonasal endoscopic resection of juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma

Uzokov A.D. — 2024-07-09

Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma (JNA) is a benign, highly vascular; and locally invasive tumor: Because the location of these tumors makes conventional surgery difficult, interest in endoscopic resection is increasing, particularly for the treatm ent of lesions that do not ex tend laterally into the infratemporal fossa. We report the results ofour series of 23 patients with JNA (stage IlB or lower) who underwent transnasal endoscopic resection under hypoten sive general anesthesia with out preoperative embolization of the tumor. All tumors were successfully excised. The amount of intra operative blood loss was acceptable. We observed only 1 recurrence, which was diagnosed 19 months postoperatively in a patient with a stage IlB primary tumor: We observed only 3 complications during follow up all synechia. We conclude that endoscopic resection of JNAs is safe and effective. The low incidence of recurrence and complications in this series indicates that preoperative embolization may not be necessary for lesions that have not undergone extensive spread; instead, intraoperative bleeding can be adequately controlled with good hypotensive general anesthesia.

Dynamic changes in clinical and functional parameters during treatment using low-frequency ultrasound in children with chronic rhinosinusitis

Shodiyeva M.B. — 2024-07-09

The article highlights the topical issue of chronic rhinosinusitis in children, investigated in the framework of a clinical study conducted at the otolaryngological department of the Bukhara State Medical Institute. The study included 109 children aged 5 to 17 years old, who were randomly divided into two groups to compare the effectiveness of two treatment methods: cavitated low-frequency ultrasound and traditional nasal cavity sanitation. Diagnostic techniques are described in detail, including nasal endoscopy, computed tomography of the sinuses, as well as laboratory tests that allowed us to confirm the diagnosis of acute bacterial rhinosinusitis and assess its severity. The article also presents the results demonstrating a statistically significant improvement in the condition in the main group compared with the control group, which confirms the potential high efficacy and safety of using cavitated low-frequency ultrasound in the complex therapy of rhinosinusitis. Special attention is paid to the description of the mechanisms of action of ultrasound, including its bactericidal, anti-inflammatory and draining properties, which makes this study an important contribution to the development of treatment methods for acute rhinosinusitis in children. This article will be useful for practicing otorhinolaryngologists, pediatricians, as well as researchers interested in new approaches to the treatment of respiratory infections.

nomalies of the auditory bones in congenital malformation of the external auditory canal (our experience)

Sh.B. Gulyamov — 2024-07-09

Congenital defects of the external auditory canal are among the diseases that are very complex both in medical and rehabilitation terms. Treatment of such diseases is still relevant. Surgical interventions performed to improve hearing in patients are aimed at solving a social problem. More than 95% of patients with congenital anomalies of the external auditory canal have anomalies of the middle ear, especially with congenital defects of the eardrum and auditory ossicles that respond to the sound transmission system.

A look at the etiology of chronic suppurative otitis media in the historical aspect

A.Ch. Khushbokov — 2024-07-09

Chronic suppurative otitis media for many years remains one of the most dangerous diseases of the ENT organs in children, exacerbations of which can lead to severe extracranial and intracranial complications that threaten the child’s life. This pathology is a widespread cause of hearing loss in childhood. In this article, a look at the etiology of chronic suppurative otitis media is given in historical and modern aspects.

Nerve damage during implantation: diagnostic, treatment, prevention

N.Q Haydarov — 2024-07-09

In this review, modern approaches to the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of nerve fiber damage during dental implantation are considered. The decision to choose a possible treatment method should be made after a detailed discussion of all possible options together with the patient, and before starting rehabilitation, the patient should officially confirm his consent by filling out a special written form.

Main factors of sensoneural hearing loss in diseases of the cardiovascular system

O.R. Hаzratov — 2024-07-09

Sensoneural hearing loss is a polyethological disease. According to the World Health Organization, the number of people suffering from hearing loss in the world reaches 40 million people. Cases of unexplained hearing loss have become more frequent recently. The indisputable cause of this disease is stress. In addition, the most aggressive factors of the civilized world and the development of many common diseases of the 20th and 21st centuries underlie this, the pathogenesis of which is also based on the vascular factor of cardiovascular diseases, which enhances the course of major diseases and disrupts the processes of adaptation of disabled people to the external environment. In the scientific literature, studies related to the social problems of adaptation of people with hearing impairments show the presence of coronary heart disease. Thus, cardiovascular diseases and circulatory disorders of the brain formed against their background are a frequent etiological factor contributing to the occurrence of sensorineural hearing loss among the adult population.

Congenital malformation of external auditory canal in children

Sh.B. Gulyamov — 2024-07-09

Congenital anomaly of the external auditory canal is a relatively rare clinical presentation and consists of a number of malformations of the pinna and external auditory canal, the latter ranging from slight narrowing (stenosis) to complete absence of the external auditory canal. Congenital stenosis and atresia of the external auditory canal (EA) are the most common malformations of the external ear. Congenital stenosis and atresia of the ESP are often combined with microtia, anomalies of the middle ear, and facial skeleton, but can also be observed in isolation. The prevalence of congenital atresia of the external auditory canal is 0.83–17.4 per 10,000 births. According to various researchers, this pathology occurs with a frequency of 1 case per 10,000–20,000 newborns. The incidence of congenital auditory atresia, alone or in combination with malformations of the outer, middle and (rarely) inner ear, is estimated at 1:10,000. Atresia of the external auditory canal is in most cases unilateral; the right side is more often affected in males. It can occur as an isolated condition or in association with other congenital anomalies or syndromic disorders such as Goldenhar syndrome, Treacher-Collins syndrome, and trisomy 21.

tudy of the morphological characteristics of adenoid tissue in patients with auditory tube dysfunction

N.A. Usmanova — 2024-07-09

In this study, a morphological analysis of the histological material of adenoid tissue obtained during endoscopic operations in the area of the ostium of the auditory tube was carried out. The aim of the study was to objectively determine the significance of histological signs of adenoid tissue for the development of otitis media with effusion. All pediatric patients from 3 to 18 years of age who were operated on with a diagnosis of adenoid hypertrophy and chronic otitis media were selected for the study – the study group; only adenoid hypertrophy without any episode of otitis media with effusion is a control comparison group. Seventy-one patients with adenoid hypertrophy and otitis media with effusion were included in the study. The age ranged from 3 to 18 years (the average age was 7.03 ± 3.26 years). As a result, the following data were obtained: squamous cell metaplasia was present in 47 (77%) and 14 (22%) patients of the main and control groups, respectively. Connective tissue fibrosis with adenoid follicle inclusions was present in 29 (48%) and 6 (9%) patients of the main and control groups, respectively. Statistical analysis revealed a significant prevalence of squamous cell metaplasia and fibrosis of connective tissue follicles of adenoid tissue with otitis media than in the absence of otitis media. The prevalence of other parameters did not differ significantly between the two groups.

Pathogenetic mechanisms of benign positional paroxysmal vertigo and the onset of otolithiasis (review article)

D.O. Yakubova — 2024-07-09

This review article describes the pathogenetic mechanisms of benign positional paroxysmal vertigo and otolithiasis. Based on the above pathogenetic mechanisms, the effect of hypocalcemia and vitamin D deficiency on the development of BPPV in various groups of patients has become an object of scientific and practical interest for our further research.

Study the effectiveness of video endoscopy and acoustic impendance measurement of the auditory tube

N.A. Usmanova — 2024-07-09

This study assessed the capabilities of endoscopy of the nasal cavity, nasopharynx and acoustic impendansometry in the diagnosis of dysfunction of the auditory tube. Children from 3 to 16 years old took part in the study. 32 patients with otitis media were recruited as cases and 20 healthy patients as controls. Of the 32 patients in the main group, CT dysfunction was identified in 26 by endoscopic imaging and in 24 by acoustic impendometry. Among the 20 patients in the control group, 15 were identified as healthy, without ENT pathology, by endoscopy, and 17 by acoustic impendometry.

Questionnaire of patients to assess the condition of the voice forming apparatus, as one of the methods for early diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease

Sultanova U.F. — 2024-07-09

Parkinson's disease is a chronic degenerative disease of the nervous system, accompanied by trembling of the arms and legs, impoverishment of movements and a gradual slowing of thought processes, and depression. Symptoms of the disease tend to get worse over time. There are no specific biomarkers and research methods that accurately confirm this pathology. Making a correct diagnosis from a specialist requires a long time to differentiate the disease from other diseases; as a result, the patient does not receive any therapeutic help, but is only in a state of searching for an answer for a long time. This review is devoted to optimizing research methods for Parkinson's disease by studying disorders in the voice-speech apparatus of patients, through questioning with the “Voice handicap index” questionnaire. This method represents a promising area of research for further understanding the pathophysiology of the disease and offers potential for use as an early diagnostic marker in disease progression.
Keywords: Parkinson's disease, speech disorders, voice changes.

Organization of a set of measures to provide assistance to children with hearing impairments and evaluation of their effectiveness

Inoyatova F.I. — 2024-07-09

Purpose of the study. The above dictates the need to develop a set of measures to help children with hearing impairments. Material and methods. A contingent of patients with hearing loss who applied to the ENT departments of hospitals in the Republic of Uzbekistan was studied. There were a total of 1412 children aged 6.5±1.6 years. Research results. The number of patients who applied to the ENT department with hearing loss in 2015-2016. amounted to 1412 patients – 871 and 541 patients in 2015 and 2016. respectively. Extended audiological examination revealed SNT in 1228 (87%) patients. CI operations were performed on 245 children and a local program of deaf-pedagogical rehabilitation was launched. According to the monitoring results, the auditory sphere was at the level of a hearing child in 97.2% of children - that is, complete restoration of hearing with the perception of not only sounds but speech was noted in 217 (88.6%) children, unsatisfactory results were in 28 (11.4% ) and were associated with problems with the speech processor and a silent period of more than 2 months. Conclusions. A set of measures to effectively provide assistance to children with hearing impairments consists of early intervention to restore the child’s hearing, a multidisciplinary approach to the implementation of a children’s rehabilitation program, regular monitoring of hearing status and the effectiveness of devices (speech processor, hearing aid).

Results of the frequency of occurrence of alleles and genotypes of the rs2412971 745G>A HORMAD2 gene polymorphism in various forms of chronic tonsillitis

A.Z. Shaumarov — 2024-07-09

The palatine tonsils are part of a collection of lymphoid tissues that are located at the entrance to the respiratory and digestive tracts. Anatomically, the structure of their crypts greatly increases the epithelial surface area available for contact with environmental agents, which, together with their strategic location, makes the tonsils the first part of the immune system to respond to antigens [1,2,3]. Chronic tonsillitis is a very common disease among adults and children, and is also part of hereditary diseases, or so-called multifactorial diseases. In this regard, to clarify the reasons for the development of this pathology, it is not unimportant to study the heredity of the development of chronic tonsillitis [4,5]. Some researchers believe that the cause of the development of chronic tonsillitis is a hereditary factor, while others pay more attention to the genetic factor in the development of this disease [6,7].

Analysis of antibiotic therapy for sinusitis

O.Z. Orzieva — 2024-07-09

The growing resistance of microorganisms to antibacterial drugs has become a huge problem for the world medical community today. The results of pharmacoepidemiological studies conducted in recent years show that the level of resistance of microorganisms to antibiotics has reached its peak and extends even to new drugs that have not yet found wide application in clinical practice. Lack of serious attention to this problem is fraught with not only medical, but also serious environmental consequences.

Comparative result of the occurrence of gene polymorphism in patients with chronic tonsillitis

A.Z. Shaumarov — 2024-07-09

Functional changes in the nasal mucosa in seasonal allergic rhinitis

J.A. Nazarov — 2024-07-09

In terms of prevalence, medical and social significance, impact on the health and quality of life of patients, AR ranks first among other allergic diseases. The purpose of the study was to study functional changes in the nasal mucosa during seasonal allergic rhinitis. The results of the study showed that in patients with SAD living in the eastern foothills, symptoms of exacerbation of SAD appear earlier than residents of the center of the Fergana region and last a little longer, which is due to the “wind rose” of the Fergana Valley and earlier dusting of weeds. Symptoms and comorbid allergic pathologies, as well as the functional state of the nasal cavity and its mucous membrane are almost identical in all patients with SAR, regardless of place of residence.

Methods of surgical treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis in children

Z.Z. Idiev — 2024-07-09

Our proposed selective surgical method of endoscopic sinus surgery for chronic rhinosinusitis provides
early epithelization of the wound surface, more eff ective sanitation of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses, compared to the traditional method, which makes it possible to widely implement it in practical healthcare for children with chronic rhinosinusitis. The proposed method of treating CRS in children gave a positive eff ect in 96.2% of cases versus 79.4% of patients with traditional therapy (P<0.01).