Искусственное вскармливание и здоровье детей

Abstract

In recent years, there has been a worldwide trend towards replacing natural feeding with artificial feeding. Modern research in the field of medicine is currently discovering several approaches to solving the problem of artificial feeding of children. This is finding out the reasons why mothers refuse to breastfeed, timely prevention and educational work with pregnant and lactating mothers about the benefits of breastfeeding and monitoring children who are still on artificial feeding.
Artificial feeding of children in the first year of life suggests an earlier eruption of their temporary teeth, thereby exposing the hard tissues of the tooth to the development of caries, tooth loss, and also negatively affects the formation of a permanent bite. Characteristic for children who have been bottle-fed since birth is the earlier eruption of the canines of the lower jaw (by an average of 2 months) and the second molars of the lower jaw (by 3 months). Compared with children who were not breastfed or who were breastfed for less than 4 months, exclusively breastfeeding for 6 months or longer significantly reduced the risk of gastrointestinal infections and the risk of dehydration was higher compared to those who were bottle fed. Logistic regression analysis showed that feeding with artificial breast-milk substitutes was the most significant predictor of acute otitis media and otitis media with effusion.
Replacing natural feeding with artificial feeding leads to a very common pathology of the oral cavity and affects the digestive system and nutritional status (a set of clinical, anthropometric and laboratory indicators characterizing the quantitative ratio of muscle and fat body mass) of the child. The main disadvantage of artificial feeding is the lack of necessary protection.